What Does Jung Personality Theory Have to Do With Ted Bundy

Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behaviour Of Ted Bundy As A Series Killer

• Topics: Criminal BehaviorTed Bundy

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Introduction

The definition of 'serial killer' accepted by the constabulary and academics says that a series killer is someone who has killed, spaced through time, three or more than people who were previously unknown to him. (Haggerty, 2009) Still, as Haggerty (2009) states this definition can present some difficulties as other individuals who have killed three or more than unknown people should be defined as serial killers when they are not, such as dictators or terrorists who kill those who do not share their beliefs.

Ted Bundy was a famous serial killer in the US during the 1970-80s, and his case brought to low-cal the beingness of serial killing. During the time that Ted Bundy's case developed, serial killers were a newly discovered phenomenon this resulted on his instance being notorious among the other cases that were occurring at the time. Thanks to the amount of attending that Bundy'southward case had, in that location are a lot of data about his killings as well every bit personal information about him, which help professionals study this type of cases and, possibly, find ways to avoid them in the time to come.

Literature review

According to Arndt, W. B., Hietpas, T., Kim, J. (2004) one of the explanations of serial killing relies on the description of the perpetrator. They argue that the age of a serial killer differs depending on the type of killing, for example sexually motivated killers volition range from 16 to 48 years old and that the median age of the starting time murder is 27. Furthermore, they argue that the Hispanic and Asian serial killers are rarely reported compared to other ethnicities. (Arndt, Westward. B., Hietpas, T., Kim, J., 2004) Another explanation for series killings is the Trauma Command Model by Hickey (2013). This model states that during their early on years, the future killer is traumatized by different factors such every bit sexual and physical abuse, the death of a parent, or negative parenting amidst others. The consequences of these lead to feelings of rejection and a sense on incompetence hidden behind a mask of self-control and self-confidence. Many facilitators, such every bit violent pornography, creates fantasies and further their need to kill. Side by side, these fantasies become an addictive reality as they start stalking and entering and eventually killing their victim. The murdering serves as a substitute for their early trauma and therefore they experience the need to go on killing in order to satisfy their needs. (Hickey, 2013)

R. Bartels and C. Parsons (2009) fabricated a social study involving information from the court hearing of Dennis L. Rader, a series killer who confessed to have killed x people and was charged for it. They concluded that in that location were three different major debates after analysing Rader's talk in court: the perpetrator equally 'driven by sexual fantasy', as a 'serial killer', and equally 'sympathetic'. Rader explained that sexual fantasy was backside many of his crimes and actions, which assistance to justify his actions and excuse him. 2d, by categorising Rader as a 'serial killer' information technology allows Rader to behave in a sure fashion typical of said category, non allowing him to have a choice over his actions. Finally, Rader's version depicts his deportment every bit sympathetic, helping the construction of a picture where he is a caring, agreement and positive person and therefore trying to neutralise presumptions suggesting a violent motive for his deportment. Summarising, these three ideas prove the construct that a serial killer tin be a good, caring person who cannot control their sexual fantasies and just happens to be a serial killer. (Bartels, R., Parsons, C., 2009)

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (2008) categorised the motives they believed lead to serial killing. This includes among others: anger, where the offender exhibits hostility towards a sure subgroup of the population; psychosis, the offender suffers a astringent mental disorder and is killing due to the disorder, and sexually-based, where the offender is driven by sexual desires/needs which would support Bundy'southward last confession where he stated that his killings were considering of pornography. Furthermore, the FBI too provides an explanation as to how offenders select their victims equally it states that it depends on vulnerability, availability, and desirability. Vulnerability is described as the caste to which as victim is prone to exist attacked. Availability refers to the lifestyle of the victim that permits the offender access the victim, for example some of Bundy'south victims were at a crowded community party where they were more accessible. Finally, the desirability is explained as the attractiveness of the victim to the offender. Information technology involves several factors based on the offender'south motivation such as race, gender, historic period of the victim, or other specific preferences. (Federal Agency of Investigation, 2008)

Overview of Ted Bundy'south case

Ted Bundy preyed on immature women by lying to them, often by wearing an arm or leg imitation cast. He used this fake disability to convince the victims to help him to his car. Bundy began his killings nigh his home in Washington at get-go, but and then moved to Utah, Colorado, and Florida. Bundy raped and murdered an estimate of 30 women during the 1970s. He used to strangle or hit the victims on the head repeatedly likewise every bit sometimes even mutilated them after death. (Criminal offence Museum, 2017)

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Identify Society

As the number of bodies arose and witnesses' descriptions circulated, people reported Ted Bundy as a matching suspect. However, police dismissed this based on his presentable appearance and upstanding character. Ted Bundy was arrested for the beginning fourth dimension in 1970s, in Utah afterwards running away from a patrol car. In his car, police found handcuffs, rope, masks, and other items although they were insufficient to link them to the killings. Afterward being released, he was again arrested months later on for the kidnapping and assault of one of his victims. Ted Bundy managed to escape prison twice, during which he continued his killing spree, before he was sentenced to death in 1980 and finally died in the electric chair in 1989. (Crime Museum, 2017)

Discussion

There are some possible explanations equally to what the motivations backside Ted Bundy's killings were. One of them is criminological explanation of the labelling theory. This theory divides the creation of a criminal into two phases: primary, and secondary deviance. It describes how an individual who commits an offence for the first time (primary deviance) is labelled by the community every bit a criminal. This relates to Bundy's teenage years every bit he was a known shoplifter and was caught peeking through neighbours' windows. One time the community labels him, they start to treat the offender differently, either past cutting relationships with him, insulting him, etc. This behaviour would lead the runaway to offend again (secondary deviance), but past committing a bigger criminal offence. In Bundy'due south example, kidnapping and killing. (Walsh, A., Jorgensen, C. ,2018)

Also, in that location are some possible psychological explanations that could explain Bundy's behaviour. During the trials, his attorneys aimed to prevent Ted Bundy from entering jail due to a series of mental disorders that were later rejected. All the same, the behaviour he showed throughout the whole investigation shows symptoms of possible mental health disorders, such as psychopathy antisocial behaviour. Co-ordinate to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, also known as DSM-v, some of the symptoms for hating behaviour include using aliases and conning others for personal pleasure, normal cerebral empathy but low affective empathy – understanding someone's feelings but non wanting to help them -. More than symptoms that he showed include lack of responsibility and reckless disregard for his safety when he decided to represent himself in court as he believed he was a unique person that could only be associated with other high-condition people, like the judge during his trials. (American Psychiatric Clan, 2013) Furthermore, other psychological disorders could lead individuals to offend, such as Peter Sutcliffe who suffered from schizophrenia and murdered 20 women and attempted to kill some other seven women, and Andrei Chikatilo who suffered from borderline personality disorder with sadistic features and sexually assaulted, murdered, and mutilated 43 women and children in a period of 12 years.

Another explanation to his behaviour is the social structure theory of Urbanism. This theory explains how murder rates are usually higher in cities highly populated. Ted Bundy moved around the country during the time of his murders, ever from and to densely populated states. This is usually associated with poverty, broken homes, disassociation, and social disorders, which could link with the Dark triad mentioned to a higher place or other mental wellness disorders. Furthermore, due to the density of population on the cities where Bundy killed, the possibility of becoming a victim because of frequently coming across strangers increases. (Haggerty, Thousand., Ellerbrok, A. 2011)

Gottfredson and Hirschi developed the Depression Self-Command Theory which agrees with the classical thought that the issue of uncontrolled homo impulses to heighten pleasance is offense. They argued that people with low self-command have the traits that put them at take a chance of offending. These traits are: lack of patience, and diligence, to which crime offers a quick way of obtaining sex, coin, etc.; beingness self-centred and insensitive, and then they are able to commit a criminal offense without any guilt; and existence more focused on the nowadays rather than the future, and and then crime gives them an immediate satisfaction rather than delayed. These traits can be seen in Ted Bundy's behaviour equally he showed no guilt towards the victims and the crimes he committed, his need for sex activity being this the cause of his crimes as he confessed later, and overall reckless behaviour regarding his future. (Walsh, A., Jorgensen, C. ,2018)

I more than possible caption to Bundy'due south behaviour and crimes is the Social Bond Theory by Hirschi. He found that the typical offender Is a young male who grew up without a gather and has a history of difficulty in schoolhouse. He inferred that those more than likely to offend lack the four components of social bonding: attachment, commitment, belief, and involvement. (Walsh, A., Jorgensen, C., 2018) A lack of attachment to parents and respect to them becomes a lack of zipper and respect for bigger social groups, such as children at schoolhouse and others in the future. Those who lack commitment, such equally school dropouts like Ted Bundy who abandoned academy before obtaining his caste, do not have a sound investment in traditional behaviour and are therefore more than likely to commit an offence. Hirschi argued that involvement is a consequence of commitment and that non-involvement in traditional activities increases the risk of contact to illegal activities. Hirschi too argued that a belief organization empty of traditional morals is bothered only with self-interest. Therefore, this theory would explain why Bundy became an offender as he grew up without a paternal figure until his mother married the human who would adopt him, making him Ted Bundy, as well every bit showing no commitment with school as he caused trouble during high school and then dropped university and social norms. Furthermore, during his teenage years he was caught shoplifting and peeking through neighbours' windows, showing that from a immature age he was inclined towards illegal behaviour. (Walsh, A., Jorgensen, C., 2018) (Serena, K. 2019)

Determination

Overall, there are many different explanations to criminal behaviour, in this example serial killing. These theories focus on the psychological health of the offender, whether the offender – Ted Bundy in this case – suffers from any behavioural disorder such as psychopathy antisocial behaviour disorder. These mental disorders have symptoms that could explain this behaviour, such as narcissism, lack of emotional empathy, lack of responsibility towards his safe and others, and being masters of manipulation in order to attain what they desire. Other explanations focus on how society and their interactions with information technology might influence their behaviour, such equally Gottfredson and Hirschi'due south theory of low self-command. Withal, referring to the crimes Ted Bundy committed, many explanations concur past stating that the primary motivation behind these was a sexual motivation as the gender of the victims and the method of killing evidence this. However, although many have attempted to explain the reasons for crime, in that location is no official caption but a variety of them focusing on dissimilar aspects of the offenders' lives.

REFERENCES

1. American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing
2. Arndt, Due west B., Hietpas, T., Kim, J. (2004) 'Disquisitional Characteristics of male series murderers', American Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol29.
3. Bartels, R., Parsons, C. (2009) 'The social structure of a serial killer', Feminism and Psychology, Vol 19, pp. 267-280
4. Crime Museum (2017) 'Ted Bundy'. Available at: https://world wide web.crimemuseum.org/criminal offense-library/serial-killers/ted-bundy/
5. Haggerty, 1000. (2009) 'Modernistic serial killers', Crime, Media and Culture, 5(2), pp.168–187
6. Haggerty, K., Ellerbrok, A. (2011) The social study of serial killers, Criminal Justice Matters, 86:1, 6-vii
7. Hickey, E.W. (2013) Serial Murderers and their Victims 6th edition, Wadsworth
8. Federal Bureau of Investigation (2008) Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigations, National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. Available at: https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder
9. Serena, K. (2019) 'Does Ted Bundy's childhood hold the key to his madness?', All That Interest. Available: https://allthatsinteresting.com/ted-bundy-childhood
10. Walsh, A., Jorgensen, C. (2018) Criminology: The Essentials, tertiary Edition. SAGE: USA

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